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The Herbert C. Hoover Building is the Washington, D.C. headquarters of the United States Department of Commerce. The building is located at 1401 Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., on the block bounded by Constitution Avenue NW to the south, Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the north, 15th Street NW to the west, and 14th Street NW to the east. It is located in the Federal Triangle, east of President's Park South (the Ellipse), north of the National Mall, and west of other Department of Commerce buildings, the John A. Wilson Building, and the Ronald Reagan Building. The building is owned by the General Services Administration. Completed in 1932, it was renamed after Herbert Hoover in 1981.〔"Clines, Francis X., and Phil Gailey. "Briefing." ''The New York Times'' 28 Dec. 1981.〕 Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce (1921–1928) and later President (1929–1933). The closest Washington Metro station is Federal Triangle. The White House Visitor Center (on the first floor)〔"(Visiting the White House )."〕 is in the Hoover Building.〔"(Federal Triangle Historic District )." National Park Service.〕 ==History== The Department of Commerce was established after President William Howard Taft signed legislation creating the department on his last day in office, March 4, 1913, splitting the former Department of Commerce and Labor into the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor.〔Farnsworth, Clyde H. "(Washington Talk: The Commerce Department; A Many-Tentacled Agency Lights Up 75 Candles )." ''The New York Times'' 3 Mar. 1988.〕 In 1928, Congress authorized the purchase of land in what is now known as the Federal Triangle for departmental offices.〔"(U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC )." General Services Administration. 21 Aug. 2007.〕 The authorization was part of a wave of government construction; the 1926 Public Buildings Act permitted the government to hire private architects for the design of federal buildings, which led to large-scale construction of public buildings, including the development of the Federal Triangle site between the Capitol and the White House.〔 Soon afterward Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon and the Board of Architectural Consultants, composed of leading architects and headed by Edward H. Bennett of the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett, Parsons, and Frost, developed design guidelines for the site.〔〔Gutheim, Frederick, and Antoinette J. Lee. (''Worthy of the Nation: Washington, DC, from L'Enfant to the National Capital Planning Commission'' ) Johns Hopkins UP: 2006, 181–189.〕 Under Bennett's direction, each member of the board designed one of the buildings in the Federal Triangle complex to "provide each government agency or bureau with a building that would address its functional needs, while combining the individual buildings into a harmonious, monumental overall design expressive of the dignity and authority of the federal government."〔 Louis Ayres, a member of the board, was selected as the architect for the Department of Commerce Building.〔Pennoyer, Peter, and Anne Walker. ''(The Architecture of Delano & Aldrich )''. W.W. Norton: 2003, p. 158.〕 Ayres, Arthur Brown Jr. (assigned to the Interstate Commerce Commission building, now one of the Environmental Protection Agency buildings) and William Adams Delano (assigned to the United States Post Office Department Building, now the William J. Clinton Federal Building) were charged with forming the west end of the Triangle and creating an open green mall.〔 Construction began on October 4, 1927, when Herbert Hoover was the Secretary of Commerce, and the cornerstone was laid on July 10, 1929, early in Hoover's presidential term.〔"(Explore the Southern Trail: President's Park (White House) )." National Park Service 5 Sept. 2005.〕 The building was completed in 1932;〔 at that time, it was the largest office building in the world with over 1.8 million square feet of floor area.〔〔Clarity, James, and Warren Weaver. "Briefing." ''The New York Times'' 25 Apr. 1983.〕〔http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ext/html/site/hb/category/25431/actionParameter/exploreByBuilding/buildingId/171〕 The building was renamed after Hoover in December 1981 by act of Congress.〔 U.S. Representative Arlan Stangeland of Minnesota co-sponsored the bill and asked the House of Representatives to "pay tribute to this great Commerce Secretary," making no mention of Hoover's presidency, which was marked by the beginning of the Great Depression.〔 Democratic Representative John G. Fary of Illinois, chairman of the House Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Grounds brought the bill up for consideration as a favor to Republicans.〔 An aide was quoted as saying, "He was a little concerned what some people might think of him bringing up a bill to honor Herbert Hoover in the midst of a Republican recession."〔 The building was officially dedicated as the Herbert C. Hoover Building on April 25, 1983, coinciding with the release of the first volume of George H. Nash's biography ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer.''〔 Only limited upgrades were made to the Herbert Hoover Building after 1932. By 2007, all other buildings in Federal Triangle had been renovated except the Herbert Hoover Building.〔(Office of the Inspector General. ''Review of Management of Herbert C. Hoover Building Renovation.'' OAE-19885. U.S. Department of Commerce. August 5, 2010, p. 2. ) Accessed 2013-02-06.〕 In 2007, the General Services Administration announced an eight-phase, 13-year, $960 million modernization and renovation of the Herbert Hoover Building.〔 In part, the renovation will provide the building with a modern technology infrastructure, modern offices and energy-saving fixtures, and improved security.〔(Medici, Andy. "Three Massive Government Projects That Could Be Killed By Budget Cuts." ''Federal Times.'' January 5, 2012. ) Accessed 2013-02-06.〕 The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) approved the renovation project in 2007.〔(Neibauer, Michael. "Security Upgrades at D.C.'s Herbert Hoover Building May Enliven Dull Block." ''Washington Business Journal.'' February 4, 2013. ) Accessed 2013-02-06.〕 The phases, each of which is to last 18 months, include:〔(Office of the Inspector General. ''Review of Management of Herbert C. Hoover Building Renovation.'' OAE-19885. U.S. Department of Commerce. August 5, 2010, p. 2-3. ) Accessed 2013-02-06.〕 *Phase 1 — Construction of "swing space" to house staff while renovations occur; replacement of the HVAC system cooling towers on the roof. *Phase 2 — Renovation of the interior Corridor 1 (which runs parallel to Constitution Avenue NW); restoration of the entire exterior facade; and replacement of major utilities serving the building. *Phase 3 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 2 (the second corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW). *Phase 4 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 3 (the third corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW). *Phase 5 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 4 (the fourth corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW). *Phase 6 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 5 (the fifth corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW). *Phase 7 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 6 (the sixth corridor north of Constitution Avenue NW). *Phase 8 — Renovation of the interior and replacement of the roof on Corridor 2 (the corridor parallel to Pennsylvania Avenue NW). GSA's Federal Building Fund will contribute $605 million toward the renovation, while the Department of Commerce's contribution is $128 million. Another $225.6 million, provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, funded Phases 2 and 3. Both GSA and the Department of Commerce contributions are dependent upon annual congressional appropriations.〔(Office of the Inspector General. ''Review of Management of Herbert C. Hoover Building Renovation.'' OAE-19885. U.S. Department of Commerce. August 5, 2010, p. 3. ) Accessed 2013-02-06.〕 The Great Recession provided GSA with $40 million in savings.〔 The project also proposed creating a new Constitution Avenue entrance for the National Aquarium. The NCPC approved this redesign in 2010.〔 By late 2012, however, budget cuts led to an indefinite delay in completing the project.〔Medici, Any. "Budget Cuts Stall Dozens of Building Projects." ''Federal Times.'' December 16, 2012.〕 Nonetheless, GSA pressed ahead with plans in February 2012 to create a more secure barrier around the Herbert Hoover Building. GSA proposed a steel cable barrier concealed by stone cladding, deep-buried steel piers, and collapsing sidewalks. Beautification elements included two reflecting pools along 14th Street NW, which would include public seating and Capital Bikeshare stations.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert C. Hoover Building」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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